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Digital Font Formats

Glyphs are small images which can be stored in a font using either bitmaps or vector graphics; therefore fonts can be bitmapped fonts and outlined fonts.

• Bitmapped fonts - glyphs in bitmapped fonts have the same characteristics as bitmapped images. They cannot be scaled without loss of quality.
• Outlined fonts - share the characteristics as vector graphics and can be resized arbitrarily. They are usually stored in a format that can be used on any platform. Formats can be:
  • Type 1 or PostScript Fonts
  • TrueType
  • OpenType

Type 1 or PostScript Fonts

In the late 1980s, Adobe introduced its Type 1 fonts based on vector graphics which could be made larger or smaller and still look good. Adobe also developed a printing language called Postscript that was vastly superior to anything else on the market. Apple developed the font technology, TrueType to compete with Type 1 Fonts.

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TrueType

TrueType(TT) is an outline font standard originally developed by Apple Computer in the late 1980s as a competitor to Adobe's Type 1 fonts. TrueType has become the most common format for fonts on both the Mac OS and Microsoft Windows operating systems.

TrueType technology actually involves two parts:

• TrueType Rasterizer - a piece of software that is embedded in Windows and Mac operating systems that gathers information on the size, color, orientation and location of all the TrueType fonts displayed and converts that information into a bitmap that can be understood by the graphics card and monitor.
• TrueType fonts - contain data that describes the outline of each character in the typeface. Higher quality fonts contain hinting codes that make sure the characters line up well with the pixels so that the font looks as smooth and legible as possible.

Benefits

• Originally it offered font developers a high degree of control over precisely how their fonts are displayed, right down to particular pixels, at various font sizes. With widely varying rendering technologies in use today, pixel-level control is no longer certain in a TrueType font.
• There are many free TrueType fonts available.

Extensions

• All Windows TrueType fonts have a .ttf extension

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OpenType

OpenType® is a format for scalable computer fonts developed jointly by Adobe and Microsoft unifying the competing formats of TrueType and Type 1.

Benefits

• Cross-platform compatibility (the same font file works on Macintosh and Windows computers)
• Support widely expanded character sets and layout features
• Scalable
• Improves on PostScript and TrueType
• Based on Unicode, an OpenType file can contain up to 65,535 characters or glyphs.

Extensions

• .otf - OpenType fonts containing PostScript data
• .ttf - TrueType-based OpenType fonts

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Page last updated: May 31, 2012 10:26 AM